Drainage system is an necessary component of buildings. It plays a crucial role in managing the flow of wastewater, rainwater, and groundwater, ensuring the proper functioning and longevity of the structure. A drainage system subsumes the pipe network, plumbing fixtures, and fittings. These facilitate the easy collection, transportation, and disposal of water from buildings. It prevents flooding, water damage, and innumerable water-borne health hazards.
This article shall discuss the different Drainage Systems in Buildings. Questions from this topic are often asked in various exams like SSC JE CE, and RRB JE Civil.
Drainage System in Building
A drainage system in a building is a crucial infrastructure designed to manage and direct the flow of water and wastewater. It includes pipes, gutters, and drains that ensure the efficient removal of rainwater and wastewater, preventing waterlogging, foundation damage, and maintaining a safe and sanitary environment inside the building.
What are Drainage Systems?
Drainage systems refer to the infrastructure and design elements that manage the flow of water, both surface runoff and subsurface water, to prevent flooding and maintain stability in infrastructure projects. These systems are used in roads, buildings, and other civil engineering structures.
Drainage systems encompass drainage pipes, culverts, catch basins, and stormwater management facilities, etc. These collect, convey, and dispose of the water.
Your Total Savings ₹7480Types of Drainage Systems In Buildings
There are several types of drainage systems commonly used in buildings to manage and dispose of wastewater. Here are some of the main types:
Sanitary Drainage System: This system deals with the removal of wastewater from toilets, sinks, showers, and other plumbing fixtures within a building. It includes drainage pipes, traps, and vents that transport the wastewater to the municipal sewer system or a septic tank.
Fig 1: Sanitary Drainage System
Stormwater Drainage System: Designed to handle rainwater and surface runoff, the stormwater drainage system collects and directs water away from the building. It typically consists of gutters, downspouts, and drainage pipes that carry the water to a drainage network or a retention pond.
Fig 2: Storm Drainage System
Combined Drainage System: A combined drainage system may be present in older urban areas. It combines sanitary wastewater and stormwater into a single pipe network, which then discharges into a wastewater treatment plant or a natural water body.
Fig 3: Combined Drainage System
Subsoil Drainage System: This system prevents the accumulation of water in the soil surrounding a building's foundation. It includes perforated pipes or drains installed underground, typically surrounded by gravel or aggregate, to collect and divert excess water away from the building.
Fig 4: Subsoil Drainage System
Sump Pump System: Sump pumps are commonly used in basements or areas prone to water accumulation. They collect water from sump pits and pump it out of the building, preventing water damage and flooding.
Fig 5: Sump Pump System
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Benefits of Drainage Systems in Buildings
A well-designed drainage system in buildings offers several benefits. Here are some of the key advantages:
- Prevents Water Damage: A properly functioning drainage system effectively removes excess water from the building, preventing water damage to the structure, foundations, walls, and interior spaces. It helps avoid issues like leaks, dampness, mold growth, and deterioration of building materials.
- Minimises Health Risks: Efficient drainage systems ensure the prompt removal of wastewater, reducing the risk of stagnant water accumulation and the associated health hazards. Preventing waterborne diseases and the growth of bacteria and fungi helps maintain a healthy and safe indoor environment.
- Reduces the Risk of Flooding: Adequate drainage systems efficiently manage stormwater runoff, preventing flooding around and within the building. This protects the property, occupants, and belongings from water-related damages caused by heavy rainfall or other external factors.
- Maintains Structural Integrity: By controlling the water table and preventing water accumulation in the soil surrounding the building's foundation, a well-designed subsoil drainage system helps maintain the structural integrity of the building. It minimises the risk of soil erosion, foundation settlement, and potential damage to the building's stability.
- Improves Aesthetics and Landscaping: Proper drainage systems in outdoor areas, such as gardens, courtyards, and parking lots, prevent standing water, soil erosion, and muddy conditions. This contributes to a more visually appealing environment, enhances landscaping possibilities, and ensures safer and more accessible spaces for building occupants.
- Enhances Longevity and Value: An effective drainage system helps protect the building's infrastructure, materials, and systems from water-related deterioration. Minimising damage and maintaining the building's condition can contribute to its longevity and retain or enhance its value over time.
This article shed light on the different types of building drainage systems. Escalate your exam preparation to the next level by enrolling in AE/JE Civil Coaching, available on the Testbook App.
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Drainage System in Building FAQs
What are the different types of building drainage Systems?
What is building drainage system?
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